Navigating Male Infertility: Causes, Evaluation, and Solutions

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Navigating Male Infertility: Causes, Evaluation, and Solutions

Male infertility is a prevalent issue that affects a significant number of couples trying to conceive. Understanding the common causes, the evaluation process, and available solutions is essential for those facing challenges on the path to parenthood.

How Common is Male Infertility?

Male infertility is more common than often perceived, impacting approximately 7-10% of men. It is a multifaceted issue with various causes, both physiological and lifestyle-related. Male factor infertility is basically the abnormality of semen analysis according to the world health organisation guidelines for semen parameters. Men facing issues with infertility may problem with sperm formation, concentration (oligospermia or too few sperm), azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate), or transportation.

Common Causes of Male Infertility:

  1. Low Sperm Count: Insufficient sperm production or issues with sperm maturation can lead to a low sperm count, reducing the chances of fertilizing the egg.
  2. Poor Sperm Motility: If sperm struggle to move effectively, reaching the egg becomes a formidable task, hindering the fertilization process.
  3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology: The structure of sperm is vital for successful fertilization. Abnormalities in sperm shape can impede their ability to penetrate and fertilize the egg.
  4. Hormonal Imbalances: Disruptions in hormones like FSH, LH, and testosterone can adversely affect sperm production and overall reproductive health.
  5. Varicoceles: Enlarged veins in the testicles (varicoceles) can lead to overheating, impacting sperm quality and production.
  6. Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions may contribute to male infertility, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing in some cases.

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